Effects of Clostridium autoethanogenum protein inclusion levels and processing parameters on the physical properties of low-starch extruded floating feed

Clostridium autoethanogenum protein (CAP, RichMore®, China) is a safe and effective alternative source. However, the physicochemical properties of CAP effects inclusion on physical extruded fish feed are still unclear. The extrusion trials were performed to investigate graded substitution levels (replacing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% 100% fishmeal in diet), preconditioning moisture content (28% 32%) screw speed (200 rpm 300 rpm) qualities low-starch floating feed. results showed that had high crude (832 g/kg), low lipid (19.0 g/kg) ash (35.0 g/kg). water-holding capacity, foaming capacity stability significantly higher than those low-temperature steam dried meal (LTFM) (P < 0.05). floatability all feeds reached 100%. As replacement level increased, peak viscosity unprocessed diets increased 0.05), whereas pasting temperature decreased Specific mechanical energy with increase 0.05) Dietary reduced bulk density, water solubility index, oil leakage expansion ratio, hardness, absorption index improved microstructure Moisture also significant feed, recommended process parameters for test 28% speed. Overall, promising substitute aquaculture, which can be used manufacture high-quality